This article is general information, not medical advice. See a dermatologist if you are unsure about any skin bumps.
What are milia?
Milialar, more correctly called milia (singular: milium), are tiny, firm, white or yellowish bumps that appear just under the surface of the skin. They often show up in clusters around the eyes, nose, cheeks and forehead. Milia are harmless and usually painless, and they are very common in newborn babies, but they can affect people of any age and may bother those who are self-conscious about their appearance.
What causes milia?
Milia form when keratin, a protein found in the outer layer of skin, becomes trapped beneath the surface, creating a small cyst. Unlike acne, milia are not caused by blocked pores filled with oil. Common triggers include:
- Skin damage: burns, blisters, rashes or sun damage can lead to secondary milia as the skin heals.
- Heavy skincare products: very rich creams and some cosmetics can contribute in some people.
- Long-term sun exposure: sun-damaged skin can become thicker and less able to shed dead cells normally.
- Certain treatments: long-term use of steroid creams or some skin procedures may trigger milia.
In babies, milia often appear for no clear reason and usually clear on their own within weeks.
Treatment options
Milia often disappear without treatment over a few weeks or months. If they persist, a dermatologist may recommend:
- Extraction: a sterile needle or blade is used to open the skin and remove the cyst safely.
- Topical retinoids: prescription creams that speed up skin cell turnover.
- Chemical peels or microdermabrasion: to exfoliate the outer layer of skin.
- Cryotherapy or laser treatment: for stubborn cases.
Prevention tips
- Cleanse your face gently every day.
- Exfoliate regularly, but not too harshly.
- Choose lighter, non-comedogenic skincare products if you are prone to milia.
- Wear sunscreen daily to protect against sun damage.
- Eat a balanced diet, stay hydrated and avoid smoking for overall skin health.
FAQs
Which skincare products help prevent milia?
Lightweight, non-comedogenic moisturisers and gentle exfoliating products, such as those containing low-strength alpha hydroxy acids, can help. Avoid very heavy creams around the eyes if you are prone to milia.
Can I pop milia at home?
No. Milia are not like pimples and cannot be squeezed out easily. Picking or squeezing can damage the skin, cause infection and lead to scarring. Leave removal to a professional.
Does drinking water help milia?
Staying hydrated supports overall skin health, but drinking water alone will not cure milia. Gentle skincare, sun protection and, if needed, professional treatment are more effective.
